Information literacy helps students locate, evaluate, and utilize information to further their learning. The American Library Association's Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education provides us a way to evaluate information generated via AI tools (2023). In higher education, the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on information literacy has become increasingly significant. AI algorithms have the potential to enhance information access, streamline research processes, and improve data analysis. AI can assist students determine authority and evaluate sources, view information creation as an iterative process, and view researching as strategic exploration and inquiry as the Framework states (American Library Association, 2023).
However, the integration of AI & information literacy also raises concerns regarding algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the need for critical thinking. It is crucial for individuals to develop a balanced understanding of AI capabilities and limitations, enabling them to effectively utilize AI tools while exercising discernment and critical evaluation of the information AI systems provide. Ultimately, combining the power of AI with information literacy skills empowers individuals to make informed decisions, engage in critical analysis, and contribute meaningfully to the global academic conversation.
The most basic definition of information literacy is the ability to locate, evaluate, and use information -this includes using information ethically.
AI Literacy is related to this concept -it’s the ability to understand and interpret AI systems and their outputs.
Note: Being AI Literate does not mean you need to understand the advanced mechanics of AI. It means that you are actively learning about the technologies involved and that you critically approach any texts you read that concern AI.
Critical information literacy involves critically examining the systems and contexts in which the information is produced and shared, or the sociopolitical factors that influence and shape the production, dissemination, and consumption of information.
Looking at AI through a critical literacy lens then considers how these technologies are being developed and used, prompt acknowledgement, exploration, and action against the real harm that AI technologies can promote, as well as the opportunities they afford.
In the context of research in higher education, validity and reliability of information play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and credibility of scholarly work. Validity refers to the extent to which the information or data collected accurately measures or reflects the intended research objectives or constructs. It involves ensuring that the methods used to gather information are appropriate and that the conclusions drawn from the data are valid within the research context. On the other hand, reliability relates to the consistency and repeatability of the results obtained. It involves assessing whether the research findings can be consistently reproduced or replicated by others using similar methods and data.
Critical thinking, skepticism, and a willingness to question and verify information are essential when evaluating AI reliability.
Who is the Author?
Ai tools offer information with no human author, but generate answers based on models that are trained by human created material. In evaluating the reliability of an Ai tool, look for AI systems that offer interpretability tools or methods to understand how they arrived at their conclusions. Consider the reputation and track record of the developers or organizations behind the AI system, as well as any reported issues or concerns.
What is the Purpose?
Information generated by Ai tools can be used for any purpose the user determines, based upon the prompt used. Sometimes this information can be misleading or incorrect.
Are Citations Provided for the Information Generated?
Typically, tools such as ChatGPT do not provide citations, and if they do, they can be false. Cross-reference the AI-generated results or predictions with trusted sources or expert knowledge to validate their accuracy. Scholarly article citations can be easily verified by contacting your academic librarian.
Date and Located of Publication
This information can be difficult to ascertain when using Ai tools, so be sure to follow the guidelines above regarding cross referencing the information contained in the results. Some Ai tool do not have up to the current date information in their training models.
Lateral reading is a strategy for fact-checking and evaluating sources, including generative AI responses. Lateral reading involves leaving the Ai tool to consult other online sources. Instead of relying on an Ai tool as your only source for information, try opening up new tabs to verify facts, identify gaps, and find alternative perspectives. Below are steps you can follow to fact-check information from AI tools.
Lateral reading suggestions adapted from "AI and Information Literacy: Assessing Content" by the University of Maryland Libraries and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.
The ROBOT test can help you critically evaluate AI tools without needing an advanced understanding of how they work. You can use the questions below to build a better understanding of an AI technology and decided if it is the best tool for your needs. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Hervieux, S. & Wheatley, A. (2020). The ROBOT test [Evaluation tool]. The LibrAIry. https://thelibrairy.wordpress.com/2020/03/11/the-robot-test
